Everything You Need to Know About Facial Acids (AHA, BHA, PHA)

Author: Beautysphere | February 19, 2025

Introduction

Facial acids are essential components of modern skincare, offering benefits such as exfoliation, hydration, and acne treatment. The three primary categories of facial acids are Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs), Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs), and Polyhydroxy Acids (PHAs). Each type works differently, making them suitable for various skin concerns. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of these acids, their benefits, applications, and potential risks.

Chapter 1: Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)

1.1 What Are AHAs?

AHAs are water-soluble acids derived from natural sources such as fruits, milk, and sugar. They help in exfoliating the skin by breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, leading to a smoother and more radiant complexion.

1.2 Common Types of AHAs

Glycolic Acid: Derived from sugarcane, glycolic acid has the smallest molecular size, making it the most effective at penetrating the skin.
Lactic Acid: Sourced from milk, lactic acid is known for its hydrating and gentle exfoliation properties.
Mandelic Acid: Derived from almonds, this acid is suitable for sensitive skin due to its larger molecular size.
Malic Acid: Found in apples, malic acid provides mild exfoliation and enhances skin hydration.
Tartaric Acid: Obtained from grapes, tartaric acid is primarily used for its pH-balancing properties.
Citric Acid: Extracted from citrus fruits, citric acid helps brighten the skin and even out skin tone.

1.3 Benefits of AHAs

•Improves skin texture
•Reduces hyperpigmentation
•Enhances collagen production
•Helps with acne scars
•Promotes a radiant complexion

1.4 Who Should Use AHAs?

AHAs are ideal for individuals with dry, sun-damaged, or aging skin. They work well for those looking to improve skin texture and radiance.

1.5 How to Use AHAs

Start with a low concentration (5-10%) to allow the skin to adjust.
Apply at night to minimize sun sensitivity.
Always use sunscreen when incorporating AHAs into your routine.

1.6 Side Effects and Precautions

•Increased sun sensitivity
•Potential irritation for sensitive skin
•Dryness if overused

Chapter 2: Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs)

2.1 What Are BHAs?

BHAs are oil-soluble acids that penetrate deep into the pores to remove excess sebum, making them highly effective for oily and acne-prone skin.

2.2 Common Types of BHAs

Salicylic Acid: The most well-known BHA, derived from willow bark, works to unclog pores and reduce acne.
Betaine Salicylate: A gentler alternative to salicylic acid, found in many Korean skincare products.
Willow Bark Extract: A natural source of salicylic acid with anti-inflammatory properties.

2.3 Benefits of BHAs

•Deeply cleanses pores
•Reduces acne and blackheads
•Controls excess oil production
•Has anti-inflammatory properties

2.4 Who Should Use BHAs?

BHAs are best suited for oily, acne-prone, and combination skin. They are also beneficial for individuals with rosacea due to their soothing properties.

2.5 How to Use BHAs

Use 2-3 times a week for best results.
Apply after cleansing and before moisturizing.
BHAs can be used during the day, but sunscreen is essential.

2.6 Side Effects and Precautions

•Possible dryness and peeling
•Can cause irritation if overused
•Should not be combined with strong exfoliants frequently

Chapter 3: Polyhydroxy Acids (PHAs)

3.1 What Are PHAs?

PHAs are next-generation exfoliants that provide similar benefits to AHAs but with less irritation, making them ideal for sensitive skin.

3.2 Common Types of PHAs

Gluconolactone: Offers gentle exfoliation and hydration.
Lactobionic Acid: Derived from lactose, provides antioxidant benefits and strengthens the skin barrier.
Galactose: A sugar-based PHA that supports cellular renewal.

3.3 Benefits of PHAs

•Mild exfoliation
•Suitable for sensitive skin
•Enhances moisture retention
•Provides antioxidant protection

3.4 Who Should Use PHAs?

PHAs are ideal for those with highly sensitive skin, eczema, or rosacea, as they provide exfoliation without irritation.

3.5 How to Use PHAs

Can be used daily due to their gentle nature.
Ideal for layering with other skincare products.
Works well with hydrating ingredients like hyaluronic acid.

3.6 Side Effects and Precautions

•Minimal irritation compared to AHAs and BHAs
•Can cause mild tingling in rare cases
•Works best with consistent use

Chapter 4: Choosing the Right Acid for Your Skin Type

Dry Skin: AHAs (Lactic Acid, Glycolic Acid)
Oily Skin: BHAs (Salicylic Acid)
Sensitive Skin: PHAs (Gluconolactone, Lactobionic Acid)
Combination Skin: A mix of AHAs and BHAs
Acne-Prone Skin: BHAs and gentle AHAs

Chapter 5: Combining Facial Acids Safely

•Avoid using AHAs and BHAs together frequently.
•Pair acids with soothing ingredients like niacinamide.
•Always apply sunscreen to protect the skin barrier.

Conclusion

Facial acids are powerful skincare ingredients that can transform your skin when used correctly. Whether you choose AHAs, BHAs, or PHAs, understanding their benefits and precautions will help you achieve healthier, glowing skin.

✖

Comments

mohdfynal commented:

Helpfull

monukhan92164 commented:

Osm

nasilafiroz commented:

Helpfull

dnegi5768 commented:

Try to these face acids

ajnali5233 commented:

Very helpful

truptibhamare1436 commented:

Nice

hibnufaihan15 commented:

Nice

keshu6724 commented:

Nice

iamkendalljenner11 commented:

Good blog

kanil052485 commented:

Everything You Need to Know About Facial Acids (AHA, BHA, PHA)

priyachauhan76105 commented:

Nice

krastogi635 commented:

Good

bhartisinghb5380 commented:

Nice

kumaranil21035 commented:

ingredients that can transform your skin when used correctly. Whether you choose AHAs, BHAs, or PHAs, understanding their benefits and precautions will help you achieve healthier, glowing skin.

vanshgamer508 commented:

Good for nice blue

♡

10 Likes